The vacuum feeder uses a vortex air pump to pump air, so that the inlet of the suction nozzle and the entire system are in a certain vacuum state. The powder and granular materials are sucked into the nozzle along with the outside air to form a flow of material, and reach the hopper through the suction pipe. Separation of gas and material in the process. The separated materials enter the receiving equipment. Feeding-discharging is completed by continuously opening and closing the pneumatic three-way valve, and the opening and closing of the pneumatic three-way valve is controlled by a circulating time relay.